Pakistan's education system faces long-standing problems in access, quality, and equal opportunity at every level …: primary and secondary schools, higher education and vocational education. In spite of recent encouraging trends, such as the … rapid spread of private schooling and an expansion of higher education opportunities, systemic reform remains stubbornly …

measured by the number of youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) in percent of the total youth population. Korea …’s NEET figures are at the top in OECD countries, especially for youth with tertiary education. This paper throws some light … education and vocational training systems that emphasise middle level and market oriented skills are identified as institutional …