This study examines the gender gap in wages of young adults in the late 1970s, mid 1980s, and 2000, in the middle and …, but it is less so for the two minority groups. We confirm significant gender disparities in wages favoring men across … three surveys in the 1970s, 1980s, and 2000 that are unaccounted for. While the unexplained gender gap is evident across the …

, have under-age children, and parents who are self-employed themselves. When women are younger and more educated but have … children, they choose self-employment as a way to circumvent unemployment. Women who are more educated and do not have under …-age children are more likely to be businesswomen in the salaried sector, suggesting a clear choice for a secure job. East German …

for males and females separately, and controlling for pre- and post-migration characteristics. We find strong gender …

immigrants. Using unique German survey data, the paper identifies marked gender differences in the effects of ethnic …

Germany, analyzes how individual men and women access jobs given their family background, and investigates why men and women … occupational choice for the children of immigrants as well as for the natives. Our findings are surprisingly similar for both … natives and immigrants. For both Germans and immigrants, we find that gender significantly and differentially affects …

This study examines gender differences in the earnings of young adults in the 1980s and 1990s. We determine changes in … the gender gap over time in the middle, the tails, and the variability of the earnings distribution. We employ data from … findings reveal that once education, occupation, and marital status are taken into account gender differences in earnings (in …