to lead a life of crime than those graduating into a buoyant labour market. These effects are long lasting and …

simultaneity between police and crime. In Italy police officers can only be hired through lengthy national public contests which …

and crime using both recorded crime and self-reported crime victimization data. Controlling for a rich set of observables …, we find that crime is substantially lower in those neighbourhoods with sizeable immigrant population shares. The effect … neighbourhoods. Considering different crime types, the evidence suggests that such neighbourhoods benefit from a reduction in more …

We estimate the "incapacitation effect" on crime using variation in Italian prison population driven by eight … simultaneity of crime and prisoners as in Levitt (1996) and, in addition, use the national character of the pardons to separately … identify incapacitation from changes in deterrence. The elasticity of total crime with respect to incapacitation is between -20 …

In this paper we study the causal impact of police on crime by looking at what happened to crime before and after the … percent in the six weeks following the July 7 bombings. During this time crime fell significantly in central relative to outer … London. Study of the timing of the crime reductions and their magnitude, the types of crime which were more likely to be …

their connections within the organized crime network, I estimate network effects on gangsters' economic status. Lacking …

In this paper, we present evidence on empirical connections between crime and education, using various data sources …, it is essential to ensure that the direction of causation flows from education to crime. Therefore, we identify the … account for the endogeneity of education. In this causal approach, for property crimes, the negative crime …

This paper examines the relationship between immigration and crime in a setting where large migration flows offer an … opportunity to carefully appraise whether the populist view that immigrants cause crime is borne out by rigorous evidence. We … consider possible crime effects from two large waves of immigration that recently occurred in the UK. The first of these was …

More policing reduces crime but little is known about the mechanism. Does policing deter crime by reducing its …