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The Persistent Decline in Unionization in Western and Eastern Germany, 1980-2004: What Can We Learn from a Decomposition Analysis?

Schnabel, Claus; Wagner, Joachim - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2006

western Germany from 1980 to 2004 and in eastern Germany from 1992 to 2004. Such a negative trend can be observed for men and … worker (significant in western Germany only). A decomposition analysis shows that differences in union density over time and … between eastern and western Germany to a large degree cannot be explained by differences in the characteristics of employees …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005822128

"Der Noth gehorchend, nicht dem eignen Trieb" - Nascent Necessity and Opportunity Entrepreneurs in Germany: Evidence from the Regional Entrepreneurship Monitor (REM)

Wagner, Joachim - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2005

Using a large recent representative sample of the adult German population this paper demonstrates that nascent necessity and nascent opportunity entrepreneurs are different with respect to some of the characteristics and attitudes considered to be important for becoming a nascent entrepreneur,...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005700857