of natural selection are made weaker because trade allows people to specialize in those activities where they are strong …, and to offset their weaknesses by purchasing adequate goods on the market. Absent trade, people must allocate their time … alleles at all locations. Under trade, there exist long-run equilibria where less fit individuals are able to achieve the same …

This paper examines the impact on TFP of North-South trade-related technology diffusion in Latin America and the … Caribbean (LAC). North-South R&D flows are constructed based on industry-specific R&D in the North, North-South trade patterns …) that taking into account the interaction effects between trade, education and governance by reforming the policies …

) of trade-related foreign R&D (NRD), education and governance. The measures of NRD are constructed based on industry …-specific R&D in the North, North-South trade patterns, and input-output relations in the South. The main findings are: i … variables – education, governance or openness – result in virtuous growth cycles. These are smallest under an increase in trade …