This study reconsiders the empirical question of whether men's earnings increase because of children. Large Norwegian … market. The data permit family-fixed effects to be modeled in various ways, as well as observing earnings growth before and … after having children. The simple conditional correlation between children and earnings is positive. When only variation …

large-scale physical destruction on the educational attainment, health status and labor market outcomes of German children … school-age during WWII. First, these children had 0.4 fewer years of schooling on average in adulthood, with those in the … most hard-hit cities completing 1.2 fewer years. Second, these children were about half inches (one centimeter) shorter and …

the short-run effects of parents’ illness on child school enrollment. Our analysis is based on household panel data from … health that makes a difference as far as child schooling is concerned. Children whose mothers self-reported having poor … and depression symptoms. Moreover, we find that mothers’ health shocks have more negative consequences on younger children …

This study analyzes how risk attitudes change when individuals become parents using longitudinal data for a large and …

have advocated increasing the time that elementary school children spend in physical education (PE) classes. However … particular, boys), while the instrument is insufficiently powerful to reliably estimate effects for younger children. This …

Overall, children in Germany live in households with below average incomes; therefore social policies that address the … vulnerable position of Germany’s children are necessary. These policies should cover targeted financial transfers as well as … improvements in day care provision for children. With respect to selected non-monetary as well as monetary indicators our empirical …

There has been minimal research on the pre-school enrollment of immigrant children. Using 1990 U.S. Census data, this … paper investigates pre-school enrollment of child immigrants, those who immigrated as children and the U.S.-born children of … the foreign-born, differences in preschool enrollment are analyzed by country of origin. Among the U.S.-born children of …

This study of the emergence of inequality during the early years is based upon a comparative analysis of children at … Canada. Second, large differences in cognitive outcomes exist in all countries between children from disadvantaged … which children at the top of the SES distribution out-perform those in the middle. Third, disparities in social and …

three children. We do not observe this link among men. Taken together, we find significant gender differences in patience …In this paper we study the link between women's responsibility for children and their preferences. We use a large … survey data. We find more patient choices among women who have a higher number of children. The age of children matters: The …

steep caste and gender gradients and few substantive changes once children enter school. The gender gap, however, reverses …This paper provides unique evidence of a reversal of gender gaps in cognitive development in early childhood. We find …