schemes designed to encourage either participation or volume. Our results confirm the importance of incentives in that we find …

We conduct a natural field experiment in a large retail chain to test basic predictions of tournament theory regarding … theory, we find that a more convex prize spread increases performance in the second round at the expense of first …

talented workers leads to an escalating reliance on performance pay and other high-powered incentives, thereby shifting effort … distorts incentives downward in order to extract rents. More generally, as declining market frictions lead employers to compete …, while inequality tends to rise monotonically. Bonus caps and income taxes can help restore balance in agents' incentives and …

This paper studies the interplay between economic incentives and social norms in firms. We introduce a general … also show how social norms can induce multiplicity of equilibria and how steeper economic incentives can reduce effort. …

During the last two decades economists have made much progress in understanding incentives, contracts and organisations … effects of incentives. Economists may fail to understand the levels and the changes in behaviour if they neglect motives like … the desire to reciprocate or the desire to avoid social disapproval. We show that monetary incentives may backfire and …

relatively. We test three different theories about observed relative overconfidence. The first theory notes that simple … on 1,016 individuals' relative ability judgments about two cognitive tests rejects the Bayesian model. The second theory … might make this belief worse. Our data also reject this prediction. The third theory is that overconfidence is induced by …