This paper argues that openness to goods trade in combination with an unequal distribution of political power has been … provision of schooling are typically lower in an open than in a closed economy. Moreover, we find that, under openness to trade …, development is faster in a democratic system. We also endogenize the trade regime and demonstrate that, in political equilibrium …

Pakistan's education system faces long-standing problems in access, quality, and equal opportunity at every level … elusive. The inability of successive governments to reform the system has created severe constraints for Pakistan's economic … education. We discuss in this paper the imperative for education system reform in Pakistan, and articulate why a window of …