Germany experienced a unique rise in the level of self-employment in the first two decades following unification … employees and the overall level of self-employment in West Germany, their explanatory power is much lower for the stronger … increase of solo self-employment and of self-employment in former socialist East Germany. …

Using a large data set for Germany, we show that both the raw and the unexplained gender earnings gap are higher in …

entrepreneurship in Germany between 1991 and 2010, the first two decades after reunification. We investigate the socioeconomic … increase in self-employment in Germany by 40 percent which can partly be attributed to the transformation process of East … Germany and to the shift to the service sector. We notice a yearly start-up rate of 1 percent among the working population …

Germany and the UK whether the self-employed are less likely to move or migrate than employees. Using longitudinal data from … in employment status we found little evidence that the self-employed in Germany and the UK are more rooted in place than …

document the first empirical results on the relationship between imports and productivity for Germany, a leading actor on the … for trading internationally are about the same in West and East Germany. Compared to firms that do not trade at all two …

what is often argued, therefore, we find no evidence for a negative causal effect of offshoring on employment in Germany or …

We use newly available representative panel data for manufacturing enterprises in West and East Germany to investigate … an impact of subsidies on the share of exports in total sales in West Germany but no evidence in East Germany. …

Based on representative micro data for Germany, we compare the incomes of self-employed with those of wage workers. Our …