Using a large administrative dataset for Germany, this paper compares employment developments in exiting and surviving … establishments. For both West and East Germany we find a clear "shadow of death" effect reflecting lingering illness: establishments … are more clearly visible in West than in East Germany. Our results also hold when applying a matching approach. …

Using comprehensive data for West Germany, this paper investigates the determinants of establishment exit. We find that …

for social custom effects in the determination of union membership. Using panel data for Germany, we find evidence for …

find that spinoffs are less likely to exit than other startups. We show that in West and East Germany and in all sectors …

unionization has become more and more similar in eastern and western Germany in the period 1992 to 2000. The originally high level … of union density in eastern Germany has dropped below that of western Germany, and union membership has been falling … individuals’ probability of union membership have converged over time between western and eastern Germany. After an assimilation …

Germany from 1980 to 2000. Such a negative trend can be observed for men and women and for different groups of the workforce … and unions, individualization theory and social custom theory is not consistently supported by our estimations. …