At least since 1750 when Baron de Montesquieu declared "peace is the natural effect of trade," a number of economists … and political scientists espoused the notion that trade among nations leads to peace. Employing resources wisely to …. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then …

inverse trade-conflict relationship, but is the opposite of the conclusion reached by Gartzke et al. (2001), who reject the … opportunity costs as the basis for the inverse trade-conflict relationship, thus implying that one need not rely on signaling. …

of natural selection are made weaker because trade allows people to specialize in those activities where they are strong …, and to offset their weaknesses by purchasing adequate goods on the market. Absent trade, people must allocate their time … alleles at all locations. Under trade, there exist long-run equilibria where less fit individuals are able to achieve the same …