of natural selection are made weaker because trade allows people to specialize in those activities where they are strong …, and to offset their weaknesses by purchasing adequate goods on the market. Absent trade, people must allocate their time … alleles at all locations. Under trade, there exist long-run equilibria where less fit individuals are able to achieve the same …

This paper explores the relationship between openness to trade, immigration, and income per person across countries. To … predictors of openness to immigration and to trade for each country by using information on bilateral geographical and cultural … to immigration on long-run income per capita. In contrast, we are unable to establish an effect of trade openness on …

Two large but separate bodies of literature analyze the economic effects of international trade and immigration. Given … that several factors are important determinants of both trade and migration flows, the previous studies are vulnerable to a … potentially serious omitted-variables bias, questioning the validity of existing estimates of the effects of trade and immigration …