Germany experienced a unique rise in the level of self-employment in the first two decades following unification … employees and the overall level of self-employment in West Germany, their explanatory power is much lower for the stronger … increase of solo self-employment and of self-employment in former socialist East Germany. …

Using a large data set for Germany, we show that both the raw and the unexplained gender earnings gap are higher in …

entrepreneurship in Germany between 1991 and 2010, the first two decades after reunification. We investigate the socioeconomic … increase in self-employment in Germany by 40 percent which can partly be attributed to the transformation process of East … Germany and to the shift to the service sector. We notice a yearly start-up rate of 1 percent among the working population …

Germany and the UK whether the self-employed are less likely to move or migrate than employees. Using longitudinal data from … in employment status we found little evidence that the self-employed in Germany and the UK are more rooted in place than …

for social custom effects in the determination of union membership. Using panel data for Germany, we find evidence for …

Based on representative micro data for Germany, we compare the incomes of self-employed with those of wage workers. Our …

unionization has become more and more similar in eastern and western Germany in the period 1992 to 2000. The originally high level … of union density in eastern Germany has dropped below that of western Germany, and union membership has been falling … individuals’ probability of union membership have converged over time between western and eastern Germany. After an assimilation …

Germany from 1980 to 2000. Such a negative trend can be observed for men and women and for different groups of the workforce …