the conditions under which democratization initially takes place. The political regime and the extent of redistribution …We study the process of endogenous democratization from inefficient oligarchic systems in an economy where … enforcement of property rights depends on the extent of predation activities in the economy. The theory highlights the importance …

. We study the conditions under which a state of law can be implemented under oligarchy, and when democratization is … necessary. Inequality in endowments and incomes prolongs the absence of good institutions and delays democratization. Conversely …

(consensual crowding out). And finally, the more a government supports democratization, the lower is the individual's engagement …

We study the role of trade liberalization, democratization and their interaction for technology adoption. A general … equilibrium theory with heterogeneous skills predicts a complementarity between trade and political regimes. Openness should … accelerate technology adoption if coupled with democratization but may lead to a slow down if these regime changes are imbalanced …

. Exploiting within-country variation to identify the effect of democratization during the “Third Wave”, we find evidence that the … effect of democratization is weaker than reported previously once one accounts for the incidence of conflict, while the … significantly reduce the incidence and onset of conflict, which suggests that part of the positive growth effect of democratization …

This paper investigates the role of violent civil conflicts during the process of democratization for the quality of … emerging democracies, and in particular, the protection of civil (political and economic) liberties. A simple theory in which … different groups may engage in violent conflict in order to become the ruler predicts a crucial role of the democratization …

fact become a very weak one. For what it matters, targeting tends to be associated with higher levels of redistribution …