workforce common to all EU member countries: flows from regular employment to non-employment are very often dead-ends. A vast …-term unemployed or leave the workforce altogether, never to regain regular employment even after as long as twenty years. Many join … the ranks of the irregular economy, many drop out of the labour force. "Workforce disposal" refers to the process …

with different equilibria descriptive of the labor markets in Spain and France, where the unemployment rates went from the … unemployment rate in Spain has jumped to much higher levels while switching between equilibria or, what is the same, because of …

market and, on rigid labor markets, for unemployment. Exploiting variation in exit-exam systems across German states, we find … market, as well as with lower unemployment. …

Germany can be regarded as a showcase for labor market reforms. Moreover, its labor market responded only mildly to the …

also a driver of behavior and life's outcomes? Rich survey data of recent entrants into unemployment in Germany show that a …

have boosted German competitiveness, resulting in higher exports, higher production and lower unemployment. This … explains the gains in competitiveness but increases unemployment and inequality, and the subsequent labour market reforms lower … unemployment by lessening the reservation wage and expanding the non-tradable sector. The model replicates the developments of the …

miracle. In response to the crisis, Germany has shown to be a strong case of internal flexibility. We argue that important … reforms, the nature of the crisis affecting mainly export-oriented companies in Germany, the extension of short-time work, the …

the hypothesis that a rigid wage structure has been responsible for rising low-skilled unemployment, I propose a …

'entrepreneurial milieu' affect the decision to start a new business out of unemployment? The econometric study is based on data from a …

lead to higher equilibrium unemployment via the generated real wage wedge. …