exposed children completing one-half year less education representing an 18.3 percent decline. The effect is robust to …

democracy. To address the potential endogeneity of economic growth, we use variation in precipitation, temperatures, and … reduces the short-run likelihood of institutional change toward democracy. Output contractions due to adverse weather shocks …

This paper investigates the empirical role of violent conflicts for the causal effect of democracy on economic growth …. Exploiting within-country variation to identify the effect of democratization during the “Third Wave”, we find evidence that the … effect of democratization is weaker than reported previously once one accounts for the incidence of conflict, while the …

individuals and the prevailing unemployment rate in the country impact perceptions of the effectiveness of democracy. We find that … personal joblessness experience translates into negative opinions about the effectiveness of democracy and it increases the … that democracies are ineffective, regardless of joblessness. People's beliefs about the effectiveness of democracy as …

education characteristic of the pre-reform era has given rise to substantial inequality in access to higher levels of education …. China's growth will be fostered by expanding access to all levels of education, reducing impediments to labor mobility, and …

We study the process of endogenous democratization from inefficient oligarchic systems in an economy where … the conditions under which democratization initially takes place. The political regime and the extent of redistribution … outcomes under democracy is also investigated using novel data on constitutional principles. The findings support the …

. We study the conditions under which a state of law can be implemented under oligarchy, and when democratization is … necessary. Inequality in endowments and incomes prolongs the absence of good institutions and delays democratization. Conversely …

we combine individual-level data from the European and World Values Survey with macroeconomic and political variables for … (consensual crowding out). And finally, the more a government supports democratization, the lower is the individual's engagement …

We study the role of trade liberalization, democratization and their interaction for technology adoption. A general … accelerate technology adoption if coupled with democratization but may lead to a slow down if these regime changes are imbalanced … variation and the heterogenous timing of openness and democratization. The results document the existence of robust positive …

This paper investigates the role of violent civil conflicts during the process of democratization for the quality of … different groups may engage in violent conflict in order to become the ruler predicts a crucial role of the democratization … scenario. A peaceful democratization leads to democracies with a high degree of civil liberties, reflecting a social contract …