poverty reduction: helping the poor earn more in the labour market for the work they do, so that they can buy the goods and … services they need to move up out of poverty. …

capital, and infrastructure capital; the infusion of new technology and its regional spread; and market reforms, with a major … infrastructure capital on regional inequality. We conclude that investing in human capital will be an effective policy to reduce …

This paper estimates trends in absolute poverty in urban China from 1988 to 2002 using the Chinese Household Income … Project (CHIP) surveys. Poverty incidence curves are plotted, showing that poverty has fallen markedly during the period … regardless of the exact location of the poverty line. Income inequality rose from 1988 to 1995 but has been fairly constant …

, education and infrastructure funding, and governments decide optimally on budget size (tax rate) and its allocation across the … two outlays. Productivity of government infrastructure spending can differ across regions. This assumption follows well … revenue and expenditure decisions is the optimal fiscal arrangement for the country when infrastructure spending productivity …

), infrastructure indicators (telephone density, electricity consumption), telecommunications pricing measures, and regulatory quality … generally very similar. Our results suggest that public investment in human capital, telecommunications infrastructure, and the … regulatory infrastructure can mitigate the gap in PC and Internet use. …

security and self-sufficiency is followed by a presentation of infrastructure organizations and their cooperation to implement …