that the within-country relationship of women's employment and income is, on average, negative in Asia and Latin America … but positive in Africa. We suggest that amongst reasons why African women behave differently are that the conventional … and potentially correlated shocks. In Asia and Latin America, characteristics that strengthen counter-cyclical responses …

The productivity of non-farm enterprises in rural Africa may be associated with the productivity of other spatially … the best of our knowledge, that the productivity of rural non-farm enterprises in Africa has been studied in this way. …

Although non-farm enterprises are ubiquitous in rural Sub-Saharan Africa, little is yet known about their productivity …, and location matter for labor productivity in rural Africa, and that policy decisions tackling the shortcomings could …

Africa is not only the poorest and most rural continent, it is also the most youthful continent in terms of population … conclude that policies to support young entrepreneurs in rural Africa should not only focus on creating conditions that attract … needed in Africa's rural areas. …

We are the first to provide a comparative empirical analysis of non-farm entrepreneurship in rural Africa, using the … failed in Africa. …