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Transcriptional Modulation of the Developing Immune System by Early Life Social Adversity

Cole, Steven W.; Conti, Gabriella; Arevalo, Jesusa M.; … - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012

To identify molecular mechanisms by which early life social conditions might influence adult risk of disease in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we analyze changes in basal leukocyte gene expression profiles in 4-month-old animals reared under adverse social conditions. Compared to the basal...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010990923

"Romanticizing Penniless Entrepreneurs?" The Relationship between Start-Ups and Human Wellbeing across Countries

Naudé, Wim; Amorós, José Ernesto; Cristi, Oscar - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013

We study the effect of entrepreneurship and its allocation between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship on three indicators of countries' wellbeing: monetary wellbeing, non-monetary wellbeing and our own indicator of a country's ability to translate economic growth into non-monetary...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884143

Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy

Naudé, Wim - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013

This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of the intersection of development economics and … entrepreneurship. Given the relative neglect of entrepreneurship by development scholars it deals with (i) recent theoretical insights … from the intersection of entrepreneurship and development studies; (ii) the empirical evidence on the relationship between …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884187

Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Post-Entry Performance of Newborn Firms in Developing Countries

Quatraro, Francesco; Vivarelli, Marco - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013

The aim of this paper is to provide an updated survey of the "state of the art" in entrepreneurial studies, with a particular focus on developing countries (DCs). In particular, the same concept of "entrepreneurship" will be critically discussed, then moving to the institutional, macroeconomic...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884241

Public-Private Entanglement: Entrepreneurship in a Hybrid Political Order, the Case of Lebanon

Stel, Nora; Naudé, Wim - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013

The instability and informality that characterize hybrid political orders and its effects on entrepreneurs remains largely unexplored in the scholarly literatures. In this paper we provide initial findings from the case of entrepreneurs' access to electricity in Lebanon. Using quantitative and...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884305

The Decision to Become an Entrepreneur and the Firm Size Distribution: A Unifying Framework for Policy Analysis

Poschke, Markus - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013

Developing and emerging economies have high entrepreneurship rates and relatively many small firms. There is enormous heterogeneity among these firms and entrepreneurs. This paper presents a simple occupational choice model that captures motives for entrepreneurship at both edges of the size...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884341

Does Development Reduce Migration?

Clemens, Michael A. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014

development until countries reach upper-middle income, and only thereafter falls. This note quantifies the shape of the mobility …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010959810

Do Middle Classes Bring Institutional Reforms?

Loayza, Norman; Rigolini, Jamele; Llorente, Gonzalo - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012

We revisit the link between poverty, the middle class and institutional outcomes using a newly developed cross-country panel dataset containing detailed information on the distribution of income and expenditures. When the size of the middle class increases (measured as the proportion of people...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011279274

HIV, Wages, and the Skill Premium

Marinescu, Ioana E. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012

The HIV epidemic has dramatically decreased labor supply among prime-age adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Using within-country variation in regional HIV prevalence and a synthetic panel, I find that HIV significantly increases the capital-labor ratio in urban manufacturing firms. The impact of HIV...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011279281

Entrepreneurship in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Microeconomic Perspective

Vivarelli, Marco - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012

The purpose of this paper is to provide a contribution to the identification of the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth by mapping out: 1) alternative ways of looking at entrepreneurship, distinguishing 'creative destruction' from simple 'turbulence'; 2) the different microeconomic...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011279314