fiscal shocks and non-fiscal shocks on the gender composition of employment. We show that contractionary non-fiscal shocks … lead to man-cessions, i.e. employment falls and more strongly so for men. By contrast, an expansionary fiscal shock … predominantly raises the employment of women. Taken together, these results imply a trade-off dilemma for policy that seeks to …

the macro economy. Following this finding, we show that the employment to population ratio (EPOP) for highly-skilled male …

an adjustment cost function for employment and hours. We calibrate the model to match the Japanese labor market, in which … behavior of hours of work, but fails to generate employment volatility of realistic magnitude. Additional penalties for longer …

effects on labor market outcomes, while employment subsidies or wage tax reductions are not very effective policy instruments. …

, selective survey of the literature. Four fundamental questions are explored: how are unemployment, job vacancies, and employment …