This paper emphasizes that the evolution of religious institutions in Europe was influenced by the expansionary threat … rivals of a different affiliation. The overall patterns of conflict in continental Europe as well as those between the …

Ethnic and religious fractionalization have important effects on economic growth and development, but their role in … ultimate determinants of conflict. However, fractionalization in all its demographic forms is endogenous in the long run. In … the relationship between fractionalization and the propensity of internal conflict statistically insignificant. Finally …

We introduce three variations of the Hirshleifer-Skaperdas conflict game to study experimentally the effects of post-conflict … altogether, often after substantial initial conflict. To attain peace, players must first engage in costly signaling by making …

Previous studies have documented a positive association between election fraud and the intensity of civil conflict. It …-election casualties, which is consistent with the hypothesis that election fraud causes conflict. We conduct several robustness tests and …

-faire ideology and blind faith in the invisible hand. With public-sector capital, this interplay of beliefs and institutions leads to …

This essay investigates the determinants of the growth performance of Africa. I start by illustrating a broader … institutional development. After reporting results from standard growth regressions, I analyze the role of Africa’s peculiar history …, which has been marked by its colonization experience. Next I discuss the potential growth impact of state fragility, a …

contribute to longer-term growth by building human and financial capital or degrade long-run growth by creating labor … find that remittances exert a weakly positive impact on long-term macroeconomic growth. The paper also considers the … institutions. …

for growth, especially for developing countries. The empirical literature has not been able to conclusively establish the … presumed growth benefits of financial integration. Indeed, a new literature proposes that the indirect benefits of financial …

This paper uses data from 20 OECD countries to investigate the impact of welfare state institutions (especially … empirically. It shows that the impact of welfare state institutions is not as clear-cut as the deregulationists' view suggests … welfare state institutions are manifold but the most important reason is the complexity of the impacts. There are many side …

This survey reviews the recent research on trust, institutions and growth. It discusses the various measures of trust … market and the product market. The last part reviews recent progress to identify how institutions and policies can affect …