with different equilibria descriptive of the labor markets in Spain and France, where the unemployment rates went from the … unemployment rate in Spain has jumped to much higher levels while switching between equilibria or, what is the same, because of …

labor market ensures that the long-run unemployment rate is independent of the size of the capital stock, productivity, and …This paper provides a critique of the "unemployment invariance hypothesis," according to which the behavior of the … equilibrating mechanisms to ensure unemployment invariance and that other markets may perform part of the equilibrating process as …

for earnings mobility and growth; for the majority, however, self-employment remains constrained to low-productivity … labor away from these low-productivity activities into higher value added sectors. …

unemployment rates. Using the Spanish Time Use Survey 2002-2003 and 2009-2010, we find that higher regional unemployment rates are … channel through which others' unemployment affects time allocation decisions of the unemployed. As higher regional … unemployment rates imply a lower availability of jobs for the unemployed, it decreases the expectations individuals have of finding …

sector, high unemployment for educated youth, weak private sector dependent on government welfare for their survival, rapid …

This paper examines whether unemployment of non-western immigrant workers in the Netherlands was disproportionally … affected by the Great Recession. We analyze unemployment data covering the period November 2007 to February 2013 finding that … the Great Recession affected unemployment rates of non-western immigrant workers in absolute terms more than unemployment …

market and, on rigid labor markets, for unemployment. Exploiting variation in exit-exam systems across German states, we find … market, as well as with lower unemployment. …