regard to the regulation of legal status, rights, opportunities, and acquisition of citizenship. We give examples of the … incorporation but also similarities to the regulation of access to residence, rights, and citizenship. We highlight changes in this …, and, finally, we address the expected effects on wider integration of citizenship acquisition. …

Germany and Canada stand at polar ends of the scientific debate over language integration and ascension to citizenship … aims at language as a criterion for legal immigration. Canada, in effect, does not base entry or citizenship on knowledge …

citizenship in the comparative East-West perspective. Our results indicate that while it is immigrant status that is of key … importance in the western EU member states, both immigrant status and citizenship matter in the eastern EU member states, their …

citizenship. In this paper I argue that both the degree of immigrant naturalization and subsequent emigration from Canada is … conditioned by economic opportunities and Canadian citizenship policies. A triangular model of movement comprising the concept of … stay or leave after citizenship ascension. Limited evidence is presented to support the conclusion that recently …