We introduce three variations of the Hirshleifer-Skaperdas conflict game to study experimentally the effects of post-conflict … altogether, often after substantial initial conflict. To attain peace, players must first engage in costly signaling by making …

Previous studies have documented a positive association between election fraud and the intensity of civil conflict. It …-election casualties, which is consistent with the hypothesis that election fraud causes conflict. We conduct several robustness tests and …

analyze whether and how quickly a conflict-avoidance take-turn strategy can emerge. First, our results show that players learn … to solve the conflict by choosing opposite options at both stages of the game. Second, many adopt a take-turn strategy to … increases the likelihood of conflict resolution even when a single pair member has the right to communicate. …

. Specialization based on comparative advantage leads to gains from trade. If political conflict leads to a diminution of trade, then … at least a portion of the costs of conflict can be measured by a nation's lost gains from trade. The greater two nations …' gain from trade the more costly is bilateral (dyadic) conflict. This notion forms the basis of Baron de Montesquieu …

This paper examines how Nepal’s 1996-2006 civil conflict affected women’s decisions to engage in employment. Using … women’s likelihood of employment increased as a consequence of the conflict. …

examine the roles of ethnicity and religion in conflict and war. Based on one theory, the Ottoman conquests were driven by the …

fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements. …