Contini, Bruno; Grand, Elisa - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014
set out to investigate such determinants. Workforce disposal is present also in Spain, though to a lesser extent than … workforce common to all EU member countries: flows from regular employment to non-employment are very often dead-ends. A vast …-term unemployed or leave the workforce altogether, never to regain regular employment even after as long as twenty years. Many join …