volatility in future income is transferred from risk-averse students to the risk-neutral state. However, a double moral hazard … problem arises when students’ efforts to raise lifetime income and universities’ activities to improve teaching quality are …

highly educated students for their labour force, they face the additional cost of providing the education. In much of … continental Europe these costs are not levied on students, but are borne by the national tax payers, making them an active topic … countries benefit from educating international students. We derive conditions under which international education has a positive …

country by working abroad. On the other hand, some students purchase educational services abroad and will subsequently work … to foreign education can lead to a triple gain: for the country where the education is obtained, for the students' home … country and for the students themselves. …

in higher education. We investigate students' knowledge and their receptiveness to information campaigns about the costs … financial barriers to university participation, especially for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. …

a greater sorting of students and an increase in the returns to quality. These results somehow justify the recent …

explore how a 25 percent increase in future wages for PSE students will affect current schooling decisions. This leads to an …

studies have shown no effect on enrollment, we analyze the effects on students' budgets. To identify causal effects, we … exploited the natural experiment established by the introduction of fees. They did not affect students' spending behavior … students increased their budgets only marginally; fees did not increase social inequality. …

(baseline: 69%) for high-school graduates who come from a state with tuition fees. Moreover, we find that students with lower … high-school grades react more strongly to tuition fees. This might have important effects on the composition of students …