a 0.1 standard deviation increase in test scores, but only for girls. We show that a reason for the gender … water provision to narrow test score gaps across countries and, within countries, across gender. …

This paper shows that trade policy can have significant intergenerational distributional effects across gender and …

environment where access to schooling and formal sector employment is extremely low. We track a large fraction of program drop …

deficit of twins. Despite the evident significant trade-off between number of children and child quality in China, however …In this paper we use a new data set describing households with and without twin children in China to quantify the trade …-off between the quality and quantity of children using the incidence of twins that for the first time takes into account effects …

This paper estimates the returns to membership of the Chinese Communist Party using unique twins data we collected from … China. Our OLS estimate shows that being a Party member increases earnings by 10%, but the within-twin-pair estimate becomes …

attainment in China. We find a negative correlation between family size and child outcome, even after we control for the birth … effect of family size on children’s education. We also find that the effect of family size is more evident in rural China …, where the public education system is poor. Given that our estimates of the effect of twinning on non-twins at least provide …

implementation of the 2008 Labor Contract Law and its effects on China's workers. The government and local labor bureaus have made …

beneficial, since it may contribute to matching the demand and supply of schooling. The absence of adults, instead, has …

small and non-significant when we use twins. …