We examine the consequences, of integrating large minorities into productivity-relevant majority ethno-linguistic norms … minority. It also expands income inequality within the minority community. This incentivizes decentralized attempts to … expropriate producers which, through cumulative causation, both immiserize and criminalize the minority. An underclass thus …

, religion, migration events and race. In order to approximate what can be called racial differences in a context like the …: Asiatic, White, Indigenous, and Black. We find that the multidimensional race indicator is correlated with several human … attributable to race is substantially above zero. …