is applied. A smaller gender wage gap is found for university graduates than that reported for all workers in earlier … earnings equation on the standardised gender pay gap. Female graduates are less likely to be overeducated, compared to male … graduates. Overeducation, while associated with substantial penalties, is not a substantial contributor to the gender wage gap. …

, across and within gender, post democracy in Nigeria is explored. I make use of simple econometric tools to test two null … hypotheses. First, there is no disparity in the income and returns to education benefits of the shift to democracy across gender … in Nigeria. Second, there are no within gender disparities of the shift to democracy on income and returns to education …

to education are higher for women than men in both countries; the gender gap has worsened in 2008, but more so for …

the characteristics of immigrants and the origin-country variables are shown to be important determinants of citizenship … country recognizes dual citizenship, and the geographic distance of the origin country from the US. …

a more liberal access to citizenship can improve the economic integration of immigrants. Our analysis relies on two …, we exploit discontinuities in the reforms' eligibility rules. Between 1991 and 1999, adolescents could obtain citizenship … performance. Based on the eligibility rules, we find few returns of citizenship for men, but substantial returns for women …

, acquisition of citizenship makes a real difference to the odds of voting and is therefore, a likely and powerful indicator of … social inclusion. Immigrants who obtain citizenship are far more likely to vote than those who do not. Arguably, some of this …

Immigrants ascend to citizenship at differential rates in Canada. Why is this so? This paper investigates the economic … costs and benefits derived from citizenship to rationalize the differential rates of citizenship ascension. Canadian … earnings evidence confirms the sizable economic benefits of citizenship. A decomposition analysis attributes this benefit to …

differentiating between actual and planned citizenship. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, we measure the impact that integration … characteristics. A robust finding is that German citizenship is very valuable to female immigrants and the generally better educated … on citizenship acquisition. While a longer residence in Germany has a negative influence on actual or future …