While strong social ties help individuals cope with missing institutions, trade is essentially limited to those who are …

contracts, or to seek protection from competitors' improper behaviors. In these contexts, violence is used to enforce previous … first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world … increases in violence after prohibition in areas with: (i) higher share of mahogany exports before prohibition; (ii) higher …

We investigate how emigration flows from a developing region are affected by xenophobic violence at destination. Our … intention of household heads decreases from 37% to 33%. The sensitivity of migration intentions to violence is larger for … insurance against the consequences young children suffer in case the household head would be harmed by xenophobic violence and …

-deployed units contributed to community violence in the form of assaults, murders, and robberies. In contrast, estimates of the …

hooligans reap utility from violence and social identity and study the effects of different police strategies. We find that an … increase in discriminative policing, provided by intelligence units, for example, always reduces violence. Under the right … circumstances, it may also lead to larger supporter clubs and a significant drop in violence. Indiscriminate policing, such as the …

In this study we extend our previous work to examine the dynamic relationship between violence committed by Palestinian …