differences in (short-term) GDP fluctuations between origin countries and U.S. states, and perhaps to (long-term) trend GDP … differences as well. More specifically, short-run GDP fluctuations pull less-educated male immigrants into certain U.S. states …, whereas GDP trends push less-educated male immigrants out of their countries of origin. Effects for less-educated women are …

trading gain effect and indirect real GDP effect, primarily through increased employment levels - have increased Australian …

could get more GDP without innovation by simply duplicating existing physical capital and labour (e.g. adding a second … aircraft and crew on an existing route). Thus we propose to measure innovation as the additional GDP over and above the … addition existing physical capital and labour. In our measure this is the contribution to GDP growth of market sector …