state government spending, but no significant positive effect on state education, health, transportation or welfare …

impressive productivity gains. But it is easy to confuse true productivity advances in transportation industries with changes in … mid-20th century U.S. railroads. This is due to the fact that transportation has vastly different productivities in …

Nowcasting has been a challenge in the recent economic crisis. We introduce the Toll Index, a new monthly indicator for … business cycle forecasting and demonstrate its relevance using German data. The index measures the monthly transportation … coincident with production activity due to the prevalence of just-in-time delivery. The Toll Index is a good early indicator of …

market. They are also more likely to start a self-employment activity. As a consequence of this upward mobility their income …

depends crucially on the importance of mobility costs; (2) while higher homeownership may harm macroeconomic labour market …

suggest something quite different: that over the course of a "mobility transition", emigration generally rises with economic … development until countries reach upper-middle income, and only thereafter falls. This note quantifies the shape of the mobility … explain the mobility transition and numerous tests of its existence and characteristics in both macro- and micro-level data …

measures of mobility to assess the evolution of weight, height, and body mass index during early childhood. We find that … mobility is quite high prior to primary school and then declines noticeably. However, there are important sources of …

potential concerns: (i) lower levels of labor mobility, (ii) greater commuting times, and (iii) fewer new businesses. Our …

intergenerational mobility. The analysis finds evidence of a "Kuznets curve" for inequality of opportunity, and finds that the IEO index … is positively correlated with overall income inequality, and negatively with measures of intergenerational mobility, both …