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Why Did the Netherlands Develop So Early? The Legacy of the Brethren of the Common Life

Akçomak, I. Semih; Webbink, Dinand; ter Weel, Bas - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013

This research provides an explanation for high literacy, economic growth and societal developments in the Netherlands in the period before the Dutch Republic. We establish a link between the Brethren of the Common Life (BCL), a religious community founded by Geert Groote in the city of Deventer...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010791523

Poverty in Britain in 1904: An Early Social Survey Rediscovered

Newell, Andrew Thomas; Gazeley, Ian - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2007

Until now there have been no national estimates of the extent of poverty in Britain at the turn of the 20th century … deficiencies. We use these data to estimate urban poverty in the British Isles in 1904. Applying Bowley’s poverty line we find that … close to Rowntree’s estimate of primary poverty for York 1899 and in the range that Bowley found in Northern towns in 1912 …

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005763813

Family Structure and the Education Gender Gap: Evidence from Italian Provinces

Bertocchi, Graziella; Bozzano, Monica - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014

We investigate the determinants of the education gender gap in Italy in historical perspective with a focus on the influence of family structure. We capture the latter with two indicators: residential habits (nuclear vs. complex families) and inheritance rules (partition vs. primogeniture)....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010812506

The Age of Mass Migration: Economic and Institutional Determinants

Bertocchi, Graziella; Strozzi, Chiara - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2006

We study the determinants of 19th century mass migration with special attention to the role of institutional factors beside standard economic fundamentals. We find that economic forces associated with income and demographic differentials had a major role in the determination of this historical...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005762361

Women, Medieval Commerce, and the Education Gender Gap

Bertocchi, Graziella; Bozzano, Monica - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013

We investigate the historical determinants of the education gender gap in Italy in the late nineteenth century, immediately following the country's Unification. We use a comprehensive newly-assembled database including 69 provinces over twenty-year sub-samples covering the 1861-1901 period. We...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010627847

Overcrowding in British Cities in 1904

Newell, Andrew Thomas; Gazeley, Ian - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2007

This paper presents an analysis of housing conditions amongst the British urban working class in 1904, using a re-discovered survey.1 We investigate overcrowding and we find major regional differences. Scottish households were more overcrowded despite being less poor. Investigating the causes of...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005822881

No Room to Live: Urban Overcrowding in Edwardian Britain

Gazeley, Ian; Newell, Andrew T. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2009

We study the extent of overcrowding amongst British urban working families in the early 1900s and find major regional differences. In particular, a much greater proportion of households in urban Scotland were overcrowded than in the rest of Britain and Ireland. We investigate the causes of this...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005004570

What Makes Small Firms Grow? Finance, Human Capital, Technical Assistance, and the Business Environment in Romania

Brown, J. David; Earle, John S.; Lup, Dana - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2004

Although the development of a new private sector is generally considered crucial to economic transition, there has been rather little empirical research on the determinants of startup firm growth. This paper uses panel data techniques to analyze a survey of 297 new small enterprises in Romania...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005762176

Are Women More Credit Constrained? Experimental Evidence on Gender and Microenterprise Returns

de Mel, Suresh; McKenzie, David; Woodruff, Christopher - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2008

In a recent randomized experiment we found mean returns to capital of between 5 and 6 percent per month in Sri Lankan microenterprises, much higher than market interest rates. But returns were found to be much higher among men than among women, and indeed were not different from zero for women....

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005566661

Remittances and the Brain Drain: Skilled Migrants Do Remit Less

Niimi, Yoko; Ozden, Caglar; Schiff, Maurice - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2008

It has been argued that the brain drain’s negative impact may be offset by the higher remittance levels skilled migrants send home. This paper examines whether remittances actually increase with migrants’ education level. The determinants of remittances it considers include migration levels...

Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005761778

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