This paper provides a systematic empirical investigation of the effect of product market liberalization on employment … countries over the period 1980-2002, we present evidence that product market deregulation is more effective at the margin when … labor market regulation is high. Moreover, there is evidence in our sample that product market deregulation promotes labor …

We investigate the wage effects of privatization using person-level firm-based panel datasets from one privatized and … one nonprivatized public sector firm in the same country for the years immediately before and after privatization. Thus …, we can analyze the before-after effects of privatization while controlling for individual and time fixed effects and …

We construct objective measures of privatization, internal and external liberalization reform efforts, across countries … external liberalization and privatization, concentration of political power drives internal liberalization, and democracy … underpins all three. We find that FDI inflows reduce the probability of privatization reversals, labour strikes increase that of …

with the best access to local telecommunications infrastructures. These same attributes have been associated with rising …

This paper investigates the role of structural reforms – privatization, financial reform and trade liberalization – as … financial liberalization and privatization. These results are robust to different measures of reforms, split samples, and …

Energy subsidies are used widely. Although adverse from an efficiency perspective, subsidies confer private benefits on … overcoming the barriers to reform. The starting point is to look at the motives lying behind the adoption of energy subsidies … then looks at the characteristics of countries that use energy subsidies. Countries with weak institutions – often non …

: unemployment vouchers and low-wage subsidies. The unemployment vouchers are targeted exclusively at the unemployed (especially the … long-term unemployed) and are provided only for a limited period of time. The low-wage subsidies, on the other hand, are … relative to low-wage subsidies. Conversely, the greater the danger that workers come to be trapped in dead-end jobs with flat …

legal framework directly affecting part-time positions and the creation of financial incentives (subsidies and improvement …