, politically and economically strong conglomerates in transition and developing countries. The model predicts that oligarchs are …

During the transition from plan to market, managers and politicians succeeded in maintaining control of large parts of … ability to influence law enforcement. Our econometric results, for about 950 firms in five transition economies, provide …

communism (1989), in mid-transition (1996) and in late/posttransition (2002). We show: dramatic increases in returns to … returns to education obtained during communism vs. transition; no change in wage-experience profiles over time; and similar … the planners did; all the adjustment occurred in early transition and was driven by market forces rather than private …

sources of finance. The scale of restructuring and innovation activity is as high or higher in transition economies as in …This paper uses the BEEPS firm-level data to study the process of convergence of transition countries with developed … to firms, and how firms respond to the economic environment by restructuring; we are able to do this because the BEEPS …

We explore the impact of privatization and the entry of new firms on enterprise performance in Belarus, a transition …

Transition has involved major job destruction and creation. This paper examines the skill content of these changes … using a detailed three country firm survey. It shows that transition has exerted a strong bias against unskilled labour who …