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Unequal Inequalities: Do Progressive Taxes Reduce Income Inequality?
Duncan, Denvil; Peter, Klara Sabirianova - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012
This paper analyzes the effect of changes in structural progressivity of national income tax systems on observed and actual income inequality. Using several unique measures of progressivity over the 1981-2005 period for a large panel of countries, we find that progressivity reduces inequality in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010583703
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Culture, Institutions and the Wealth of Nations
Gorodnichenko, Yuriy; Roland, Gerald - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2010
We construct an endogenous growth model that includes a cultural variable along the dimension of individualism … innovation in an individualist culture. This cultural effect may offset the negative effects of bad institutions on growth … individualism on growth through innovation. Using genetic data as instruments for culture we provide strong evidence of a causal …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008680898
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Engineers, Innovative Capacity and Development in the Americas
Maloney, William F.; Caicedo, Felipe Valencia - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014
Using newly collected national and sub-national data and historical case studies, this paper argues that differences in innovative capacity, captured by the density of engineers at the dawn of the Second Industrial Revolution, are important to explaining present income differences, and, in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010790517
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Constrained Firms, Not Subsistence Activities: Evidence on Capital Returns and Accumulation in Peruvian Microenterprises
Göbel, Kristin; Grimm, Michael; Lay, Jann - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012
dynamic analyses of capital accumulation in MEs suggest that credit constraints explain a major part of the variation in firm … growth. We find a very large positive effect of household non-business wealth on capital stocks of MEs. We also show a …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010627842
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Does Forced Solidarity Hamper Investment in Small and Micro Enterprises?
Grimm, Michael; Hartwig, Renate; Lay, Jann - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013
firm, whereas entrepreneurs in the 'growth regime' are not insured but take undistorted investment decisions. The choice of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010627850
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Got Water? Social Divisions and Access to Public Goods in Rural India
Balasubramaniam, Divya; Chatterjee, Santanu; Mustard, … - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2011
We use data for 436 rural districts from the 2001 Census of India to examine whether different aspects of social divisions help explain the wide variation in access to tap water across rural India. Studies linking social fragmentation to public goods usually aggregate different types of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009323389
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Do Employment Quotas Explain the Occupational Choices of Disadvantaged Minorities in India?
Howard, Larry L.; Prakash, Nishith - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2011
This article investigates the effects of a large-scale public sector employment quota policy for disadvantaged minorities (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) in India on their occupational choices, as defined by skill level, during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that, first, the employment...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009225780
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Training Funds and the Incidence of Training: The Case of Mauritius
Kuku, Oluyemisi; Orazem, Peter F.; Rojid, Sawkut; … - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2015
Training funds are used to incentivize training in developing countries, but the funds are based on payroll taxes that lower the return to training. In the absence of training funds, larger, high-wage and more capital intensive firms are the most likely to offer training unless they are...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011125871
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Is Women's Ownership of Land a Panacea in Developing Countries? Evidence from Land-Owning Farm Households in Malawi
Bhaumik, Sumon K.; Dimova, Ralitza; Gang, Ira N. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014
Our analysis of a rich representative household survey for Malawi, where patrilineal and matrilineal institutions coexist, suggests that (a) in matrilineal societies the likelihood of cash crop cultivation by a household increases with the extent of land owned (or de facto controlled) by males,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884103
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The Stability of Mixed Income Neighborhoods in America
Krupka, Douglas J. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2008
Whether people of differing types can live happily together is one of the most important social and political questions concerning urban areas. From a variety of theoretical perspectives, such mixing seems extremely unlikely. While the theoretical result seems well supported in the context of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005703467