United Kingdom and Ireland. Other forms of immigration have been more important. On the other hand, the migration has been …Sweden has made its labour market more open for labour immigration since the mid1990s: becoming member of the common … opening up for labour migration from non-EES/EU countries in December 2008. The changes have led to increased labour …

remains. The ethnic identity entered the field of labor and migration economics in an effort to better explain the economic … identity is a major issue; even more challenging is to measure its impact on economic outcomes such as the probability to work … has a significant impact on the economic behavior of immigrants. …

primarily rewards individual characteristics other than immigration status. We also found that the lowest paid immigrants, whom … proportionately larger non-white and lower paid white immigration. …

substitution of immigrants for natives; (ii) out-migration; and (iii) stimulation of labor demand. According to (iii), native wages … the effects of an immigration shock on labor demand by testing a general equilibrium model in which imperfectly … wages due to greater labor supply were offset by higher wages due to greater labor demand. We conclude that the demand …

penalty and a greater negative impact on immigrants from the second group of countries. As an immigrant’s stay in Spain …

In this paper, we study gains and losses that accrue to natives because of immigration. The gain on the aggregated … level is called the ‘immigration surplus’, which can be seen as analogous to a consumer surplus. We derive changes in the … the immigration surplus. …

substitutes, so that an increase in immigration reduces the wages of immigrants relative to natives. We show this using a pooled … wages of native-born workers, but that the only sizeable effect of increased immigration is on the wages of those immigrants …the wages of native-born workers in the UK have failed to find any significant effect. This is something of a puzzle …

We estimate the impact of immigration on the wages of natives in Ireland applying the technique proposed by Borjas … suggest that care should be exercised when applying this method as inaccurate impressions of the impact of immigration on … assess whether the average wages of natives across skill cells is affected by the share of immigrants across cells. When the …

likely to increase U.S. productivity, according to the type of visa on which they first entered the United States. Immigrants … who first entered on a student/trainee visa or a temporary work visa have a large advantage over natives in wages …

countries and in Spain. It also examines the impact on wages of the legal status. The evidence shows that returns to host …