the World Management Survey, a methodology that enables us to construct robust measures of management quality comparable …

We study the impact of and reward to middle management ability using data from 245 stores of a nationwide retailer. The … company scores six broad areas of management practice, the most important of which turns out to be "commercial awareness … managers do not receive higher pay all else equal, which implies that middle management ability is not fully tradable. …

We collect data on operations, targets and human resources management practices in over 1,800 schools educating 15-year …-olds in eight countries. Overall, we show that higher management quality is strongly associated with better educational … outcomes. The UK, Sweden, Canada and the US obtain the highest management scores closely followed by Germany, with a gap to …

asymmetries in the convergence process of the RULCs and its components – real wages, capital intensity, and technology – are … achieving real convergence and, by extension, nominal convergence. We conclude by outlining technology as the key convergence …