credit card debt, controlling for disposable income, other socio-demographics, and credit constraints. …

evaluating their effectiveness. We conduct two randomized field experiments among low-income micro-entrepreneurs in Chile. The … first experiment finds that self-help peer groups are very potent at increasing savings. In contrast, a more classical … measure, a substantially increased interest rate, has no effect on the vast majority of participants. A second experiment is …

financial vulnerability generally fell between 2005 and 2007, possibly reflecting the strong income growth experienced by these … expected income in the old or in the new European Union member countries. …

One suggested hypothesis for the dramatic rise in household borrowing that preceded the financial crisis is that low-income … households. Using household level data on debt accumulation during 2001-2012, we show that low-income households in high …-inequality regions accumulated less debt relative to income than their counterparts in lower-inequality regions, which negates the …

candidate is expectations: what people expect could affect how they feel about what actually occurs. In a real-effort experiment …