This paper examines how professional female tennisplayers react to: i) prize incentives and ii) heterogeneity in ex … ante players’ abilities. It is found that a larger prize spread encourages women to increase effort, even when controlling … players’ incentives to adjust effort according to success chances. …

substantial differences in the role of self-employment among low-skilled workers across gender and nativity – women and immigrants … substantially more financially rewarding option for most women. These findings raise the question of why low-skilled women enter … options and limited labor market opportunities in the wage/salary sector as motivating native born women to enter self …

of incentives and when incentives can have “hidden costs”, i.e., a detrimental effect. We show experimentally that in all …'s behavior. Our finding contributes to the micro-foundation of psychological effects of incentives. …

"), material or other explicit incentives ("laws") and social sanctions or rewards ("norms"). It first examines how honor, stigma … and social norms arise from individuals' behaviors and inferences, and how they interact with material incentives. It then … incentives and sending a message about society's values, and hence about the norms that different behaviors are likely to …

the agent’s motivation to perform well. Before the agent chooses his performance, the principal in our experiment decides … incentives as well as the puzzling incompleteness of many economic contracts. …

We investigate how bonus payments affect satisfaction and performance of managers in a large, multinational company. We … find that falling behind a naturally occurring reference point for bonus comparisons reduces satisfaction and subsequent …

detrimental impact on employee utility, while job satisfaction tends to diminish over time as employees potentially adapt to …

monthly self-employment earnings can be traced back to women working fewer hours than men. In contrast variables like family … that self-employed women do not earn less because they are seeking work-family balance rather than profits. Differences in …

-of-all-trades" view of entrepreneurship by Lazear (AER 2004). Consistent with its theoretical assumptions we find that self …

entrepreneurship on the basis of stated motivation, but with no evidence that being 'forced' into entrepreneurship through economic … necessity is a significant factor. Motivation towards entrepreneurship is therefore highly multidimensional. Multivariate … differences between men and women, with women concerned more with lifestyle factors and less with financial gain. Market …