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Transcriptional Modulation of the Developing Immune System by Early Life Social Adversity
Cole, Steven W.; Conti, Gabriella; Arevalo, Jesusa M.; … - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012
To identify molecular mechanisms by which early life social conditions might influence adult risk of disease in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), we analyze changes in basal leukocyte gene expression profiles in 4-month-old animals reared under adverse social conditions. Compared to the basal...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010990923
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"Romanticizing Penniless Entrepreneurs?" The Relationship between Start-Ups and Human Wellbeing across Countries
Naudé, Wim; Amorós, José Ernesto; Cristi, Oscar - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013
We study the effect of entrepreneurship and its allocation between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship on three indicators of countries' wellbeing: monetary wellbeing, non-monetary wellbeing and our own indicator of a country's ability to translate economic growth into non-monetary...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884143
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Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Theory, Evidence and Policy
Naudé, Wim - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013
This paper provides an overview of the state of the art of the intersection of development economics and … entrepreneurship. Given the relative neglect of entrepreneurship by development scholars it deals with (i) recent theoretical insights … from the intersection of entrepreneurship and development studies; (ii) the empirical evidence on the relationship between …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884187
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Drivers of Entrepreneurship and Post-Entry Performance of Newborn Firms in Developing Countries
Quatraro, Francesco; Vivarelli, Marco - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013
The aim of this paper is to provide an updated survey of the "state of the art" in entrepreneurial studies, with a particular focus on developing countries (DCs). In particular, the same concept of "entrepreneurship" will be critically discussed, then moving to the institutional, macroeconomic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884241
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Public-Private Entanglement: Entrepreneurship in a Hybrid Political Order, the Case of Lebanon
Stel, Nora; Naudé, Wim - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013
The instability and informality that characterize hybrid political orders and its effects on entrepreneurs remains largely unexplored in the scholarly literatures. In this paper we provide initial findings from the case of entrepreneurs' access to electricity in Lebanon. Using quantitative and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884305
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The Decision to Become an Entrepreneur and the Firm Size Distribution: A Unifying Framework for Policy Analysis
Poschke, Markus - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2013
Developing and emerging economies have high entrepreneurship rates and relatively many small firms. There is enormous heterogeneity among these firms and entrepreneurs. This paper presents a simple occupational choice model that captures motives for entrepreneurship at both edges of the size...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010884341
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Does Development Reduce Migration?
Clemens, Michael A. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2014
development until countries reach upper-middle income, and only thereafter falls. This note quantifies the shape of the mobility …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010959810
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Do Middle Classes Bring Institutional Reforms?
Loayza, Norman; Rigolini, Jamele; Llorente, Gonzalo - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012
We revisit the link between poverty, the middle class and institutional outcomes using a newly developed cross-country panel dataset containing detailed information on the distribution of income and expenditures. When the size of the middle class increases (measured as the proportion of people...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011279274
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HIV, Wages, and the Skill Premium
Marinescu, Ioana E. - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012
The HIV epidemic has dramatically decreased labor supply among prime-age adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Using within …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011279281
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Entrepreneurship in Advanced and Developing Countries: A Microeconomic Perspective
Vivarelli, Marco - Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) - 2012
The purpose of this paper is to provide a contribution to the identification of the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth by mapping out: 1) alternative ways of looking at entrepreneurship, distinguishing 'creative destruction' from simple 'turbulence'; 2) the different microeconomic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011279314