The impact of transparency on the extent of reciprocal behavior is investigated in a simple repeated gift exchange … transparent situation where efforts are revealed to the principals. However, there is no significant impact of transparency on … average effort as non-transparency leads to a stronger diversity in behavioral patterns such that at the same time the …

desert, so desert guilt generates behavior consistent with both positive and negative reciprocity and may underpin social …

high efforts. The treatment difference instead seems to be driven by the fact that the norm of equity is violated far more … frequently in the equal wage treatment. After having suffered from violations of the equity principle, agents withdraw effort … that adherence to the norm of equity is a necessary prerequisite for successful establishment of gift-exchange relations. …

workplace behavior. We focus on situations in which a single employer interacts with multiple employees. Traditionally, equity …

Fair Trade has spread in developing countries as an initiative aimed at lifting poor smallholder farmers out of poverty … Trade is also viewed as a niche market for high value products in a context of globalization and trade liberalization … policies that affect smallholder farmers in developing countries. The question of whether Fair Trade affects the welfare of …

While strong social ties help individuals cope with missing institutions, trade is essentially limited to those who are …'s trustworthiness leading to inefficient outcomes. Our findings suggest that even within a social network, trade may often be limited to …

We investigate the potential of transparency to influence committee decision-making. We present a model in which career … three levels of transparency under which career concerns are predicted to affect behavior differently, and test the model …'s key predictions in a laboratory experiment. The model's predictions are largely borne out – transparency negatively …