" – significant differences in the educational and labor market outcomes across children of varying birth orders. Taking advantage of … a rich set of information on in utero and early childhood conditions in the Children of the NLSY79, we find that, within …

supply in the 1990s. The estimating subsample is children aged 7-18 in households in which both parents usually coreside and … affects children left behind in terms of their school attendance, household expenditures on education, and nonhousework labor … is not affected. We find no evidence that paternal temporary absence influences his children in terms of school …

Do parents invest more or less in their high ability children? We provide new evidence on this question by comparing … determinant of cognitive ability. We find that parents invest more in high ability children, with a one standard deviation …

the short-run effects of parents’ illness on child school enrollment. Our analysis is based on household panel data from … health that makes a difference as far as child schooling is concerned. Children whose mothers self-reported having poor … and depression symptoms. Moreover, we find that mothers’ health shocks have more negative consequences on younger children …

Societies socialize children about many things, including sex. Socialization is costly. It uses scarce resources, such … as time and effort. Parents weigh the marginal gains from socialization against its costs. Those at the lower end of the …, leading to a de-stigmatization of sex. As contraception has become more effective there is less need for parents, churches and …

This paper presents a productivity argument for investing in disadvantaged young children. For such investment, there …

three children. We do not observe this link among men. Taken together, we find significant gender differences in patience …In this paper we study the link between women's responsibility for children and their preferences. We use a large … survey data. We find more patient choices among women who have a higher number of children. The age of children matters: The …

steep caste and gender gradients and few substantive changes once children enter school. The gender gap, however, reverses …This paper provides unique evidence of a reversal of gender gaps in cognitive development in early childhood. We find …

and across gender. Our results show that when children and teenagers grow older, inequality aversion becomes a gradually … present a large-scale experiment with 883 children and adolescents, aged eight to seventeen years. Participants make decisions …

intentions to return), among which are parents' concerns about the well-being of their left-behind children. We then propose two … parents back to the village, the effect being stronger for pre-school children. Second, sons are found to play a more …This paper examines how left-behind children influence return migration in China. We first present a simple …