First moves towards a real understanding of offshoring date back to very recent times. In particular for Japan, the … analysis of both the employment and productivity effects at the aggregate level of the industry, covering the years 1980 … employment. However, the effects are rather negligible and only amount to a 1.5 to 2 percent net loss of the change in employment …

We analyze the optimal regional pattern of public employment in an information-constrained second-best redistribution … policy showing that regionally differentiated public employment can serve as an expenditure side tagging device, bypassing or … relaxing the equity-efficiency trade-off. The optimal pattern exhibits higher levels of public employment in low productivity …

We evaluate the effect of a 2003 reform in the Spanish income tax on fertility and the employment of mothers with small … (by almost five percent) and the employment rate of mothers with children under three (by two percent). These effects were … earlier reform that increased child deductions in 1999. We find that the child deductions affect mothers' employment …

, showing a much more nuanced picture of female labor force participation than one might expect. Recent trends in employment and … factors drawing women into the labor force at attractive employment and pay conditions. This affects, by 2004, only a small …

postwar reconstruction and mandatory employment on women's labor market outcomes. We combine a unique dataset on city …. Using difference-in-difference and instrumental-variable strategies, we find that postwar mandatory employment reduced …