that relative grading, by creating a rank-order tournament in the classroom, provides stronger incentives for male students … than absolute grading. In the full sample, we find weak support for our hypothesis. Among the more motivated students we … find evidence that men indeed score significantly higher on the test when graded on a curve. Female students, irrespective …

This paper assesses the effect of two stylized and antithetic non-monetary incentive schemes on students’ effort. We … characteristics are observed. Students are randomly assigned to a tournament scheme that fosters competition between coupled students …, a cooperative scheme that promotes information sharing and collaboration between students and a control treatment in …

We study how class size and composition affect the academic and labor market performances of college students, two … crucial policy questions given the secular increase in college enrollment. We rely on the random assignment of students to … deviation deterioration of the average grade. Further, the effect is heterogenous as female and higher income students seem …