We exploit a discontinuity in Brazilian municipal election rules to investigate whether political competition has a … achieves a majority of the votes. We show that the possibility of runoff increases political competition. We use the … discontinuity as a source of exogenous variation to infer causality from political competition to fiscal policy. Our results suggest …

always adopted. If likely losers from competition have veto power, it is often not, and substantial gains in efficiency are …The ability of groups to implement efficiency-enhancing institutions is emerging as a central theme of research in … economics. This paper explores voting on a scheme of intergroup competition, which facilitates cooperation in a social dilemma …

. It is possible that this is due to the lack of competition in the Australian media market. To the extent that we can …