in Albania. Although parents' migration usually benefits children economically, the lack of parental care may cause …This article investigates the long-term effects of parental migration abroad on the schooling of children left behind … relational and psychological problems that may affect children's welfare in the long-term. The phenomenon of children left behind …

We examine agricultural child labor in the context of emigration, transfers, and the ability to hire outside labor. We … show how hiring labor from outside the household and transfers to the household might induce a reduction in children … the hypothesis that both emigration and remittances reduce child labor. …

parental health. Results show that elderly parents receive lower time contributions from all of their children when one child … migration on elderly parents. After discussing the identification issues involved in estimation, I review the literature on the … effects of migration on the education and health of non-migrant children as well as the labor supply of non-migrant spouses …

education, belonging to the ethnic majority and the parent’s membership in the Communist Party. At the destination, most …

members, those with a household head with a short education, and children face higher poverty risks than other persons. …

supply in the 1990s. The estimating subsample is children aged 7-18 in households in which both parents usually coreside and … affects children left behind in terms of their school attendance, household expenditures on education, and nonhousework labor … is not affected. We find no evidence that paternal temporary absence influences his children in terms of school …