research would be helpful. Universities can contribute to recreating hope and optimism through more innovation in the economy. …

This paper investigates the interplay between social capital, innovation and per capita income growth in the European … Union. We model and identify innovation as an important mechanism that transforms social capital into higher income levels …. In an empirical investigation of 102 European regions in the period 1990-2002, we show that higher innovation performance …

data on 170 regions in Europe (NUTS 2 level) for the periods 1991-1995 and 2001-2005. Innovation outcomes are measured by … diffusion of innovation activity, and the spatial selectivity of immigrants' location choices, we take account of spatial …'s restaurants as a novel instrument for immigration. The results confirm that innovation is clearly a function of regional …

In Belgium youth unemployment is structurally higher than the European (EU27) average, in particular for the low …

. The second solution, the regionalisation of wage bargaining, is frequently mentioned in Belgium or in Italy where regional …