variables, teacher profiles and school characteristics, were analyzed to identify appropriate needs-based formula components and …

the short-run effects of parents’ illness on child school enrollment. Our analysis is based on household panel data from …

teacher and student absences, school closures, and disturbances to usual classroom routines. Similarly, they might also … to the attacks. The main results indicate that the attacks significantly reduced school-level proficiency rates in … grade math proficiency, suggesting that the shootings caused a decline in school proficiency rates of about five to nine …

The most basic economic theory suggests that rising incomes in developing countries will deter emigration from those … transition in every decade since 1960. It then briefly surveys 45 years of research, which has yielded six classes of theory to …

. Polarization of employment demand is the more credible explanation for the more recent evolution. As in other developed economies …

scant attention is that immigrants, as consumers of the goods they help produce, contribute to their own demand. We examine … the effects of an immigration shock on labor demand by testing a general equilibrium model in which imperfectly … substitution of immigrants for natives; (ii) out-migration; and (iii) stimulation of labor demand. According to (iii), native wages …

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS). We contribute to addressing this gap by exploring the patterns of …