We investigate how emigration flows from a developing region are affected by xenophobic violence at destination. Our … intention of household heads decreases from 37% to 33%. The sensitivity of migration intentions to violence is larger for … insurance against the consequences young children suffer in case the household head would be harmed by xenophobic violence and …

Pakistan's education system faces long-standing problems in access, quality, and equal opportunity at every level … elusive. The inability of successive governments to reform the system has created severe constraints for Pakistan's economic … education. We discuss in this paper the imperative for education system reform in Pakistan, and articulate why a window of …

-deployed units contributed to community violence in the form of assaults, murders, and robberies. In contrast, estimates of the …

contracts, or to seek protection from competitors' improper behaviors. In these contexts, violence is used to enforce previous … first piece of evidence on the causal effect of illegality on systemic violence. Brazil has historically been the main world … increases in violence after prohibition in areas with: (i) higher share of mahogany exports before prohibition; (ii) higher …

conflict-affected countries. This module will enable researchers to address specific violence-related issues comparatively … survey designs in conflict-affected areas. We review existing conflict- and violence-related questionnaires, with a special … in order to deepen the understanding of the nature of violent conflict and the channels whereby conflict and violence …